Comparing Musical Instruments with Wolfram|Alpha

For thousands of years, people have been making music: banging, blowing, bowing, and strumming away as soloists or in groups. With music being an integral part of culture, it is not hard to imagine that the invention and evolution of various musical instruments is a key indicator of human ingenuity. Each instrument is unique, its physical and sonic characteristics often emblematic of the culture from which it emanates.

Wolfram|Alpha now provides a significant amount of information about a myriad of musical instruments. Ask Wolfram|Alpha about any set of instruments to get a side-by-side comparison of parameters and characteristics.

For many instruments, you will notice two pods for range: “Written range” and “Sounding range”. This is because in standard music notation, some instruments are written differently than they sound; these are called transposing instruments. In many ways, it is a terribly confusing notion. A score displays a certain pitch, but the pitch the instrument produces may be higher or lower. Wolfram|Alpha illustrates this difference by displaying the pitch range (along with the corresponding frequencies and keys on a piano keyboard) for how the instrument is written as well as how it sounds. For example, the flute is a non-transposing instrument and is “written as sounds”. However, its close cousin, the alto flute, sounds a perfect fourth lower than written. Still unclear? Click the “play alto flute range notes” in the written range and sounding range pods to hear the difference. Or, you can ask Wolfram|Alpha to give you the interval between the bottom note of the written range and the corresponding sounding note by querying “interval of C4 and G3“.

Even though each instrument is idiomatic, different instruments may still have many commonalities, which Wolfram|Alpha can now help to illustrate and uncover. If you look at the lower part of the output for an instrument, you will see its Hornbostel–Sachs classification, which is something like a Dewey decimal system for instruments. By juxtaposing the results of multiple instruments, it becomes clear how two instruments relate and how they differ. Or try a single instrument to see a list of “related instruments” for each Hornbostel–Sachs classification—often highlighting similarities in instruments from very different cultures.

As we strive to make all knowledge computable, it’s important to remember that along with scientific, socioeconomic, and mathematical data, seemingly unlikely candidates—such as musical instruments—have much that can be computed.